Understanding the National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is an official federal list that recognizes buildings, sites, structures, objects, and districts significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture. Managed by the National Park Service, the NRHP aims to identify, honor, and encourage the preservation of these important places across the United States.
What Is the Purpose of the National Register?
The main goal of the NRHP is to protect Americas heritage by raising awareness about historic properties and promoting their preservation. It helps ensure that future generations can appreciate and learn from these pieces of history. While being listed does not automatically prevent changes or demolition, it provides recognition and opens up certain benefits for property owners.
Key Aspects of the NRHP
Aspect | Description |
---|---|
Recognition | Properties gain national acknowledgment for their historical significance. |
Eligibility for Grants & Tax Incentives | Owners may qualify for preservation grants and federal tax credits for approved rehabilitation work. |
Consideration in Planning | Federal projects must consider impacts on listed properties under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. |
No Automatic Restrictions | Private owners can maintain, modify, or sell their property unless local or state laws apply. |
What Does This Mean for Homeowners?
If your home is listed on the National Register, you join a community dedicated to preserving America’s past. Listing can be a point of pride and may even increase your propertys visibility or value. However, it doesn’t mean you’re locked into strict regulations—unless there are local ordinances or you use specific public funds for renovations. The NRHP is about recognition and opportunity more than restriction.
2. Eligibility Criteria and the Nomination Process
Understanding What Makes a Property Eligible
The National Register of Historic Places recognizes buildings, sites, districts, structures, and objects that are significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, or culture. If you’re a homeowner interested in getting your property listed, it’s important to first understand the eligibility requirements. Here’s a quick overview:
Criteria | Description |
---|---|
Age | Your property is generally at least 50 years old. |
Integrity | The property should look much as it did in the past (location, design, materials). |
Significance | The property has historical, architectural, or cultural importance at the local, state, or national level. |
Documentation | You can provide evidence (photos, records) showing its significance and condition. |
The Step-by-Step Nomination Process for Homeowners
Navigating the nomination process may seem daunting at first, but breaking it down into clear steps makes it manageable. Here’s what homeowners can expect:
- Initial Research: Start by contacting your State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). They can help you determine if your property meets the basic criteria and offer guidance on documentation requirements.
- Preliminary Assessment: Submit a preliminary information form with details about your property’s age, history, and significance. The SHPO will review and let you know if a full nomination is encouraged.
- Preparing the Nomination: Complete the official National Register nomination form. You’ll need to include:
- A detailed description of your property’s physical appearance and history.
- Photographs showing current conditions and key features.
- A map marking your property’s location and boundaries.
- Review by State Board: Your nomination will be reviewed by the state historic review board. This board typically meets several times a year to evaluate nominations based on federal criteria.
- Public Comment Period: There’s an opportunity for public comment. Neighbors or other stakeholders can express support or concerns about your nomination.
- Submission to the National Park Service (NPS): If approved at the state level, your nomination goes to the NPS for final review. They have 45 days to make a decision.
Quick Reference Table: Nomination Steps and Key Actions
Step | Main Action |
---|---|
1. Initial Research | Contact SHPO; gather preliminary information. |
2. Preliminary Assessment | Submit initial form; await SHPO feedback. |
3. Preparing Nomination | Complete form; collect photos/maps/documentation. |
4. State Review Board | Your nomination is evaluated by experts. |
5. Public Comment Period | Community can provide input. |
6. NPS Review | NPS reviews and makes final decision. |
TIPS FOR HOMEOWNERS:
- If your home isn’t 50 years old yet but has exceptional significance—like being associated with a major event—you may still qualify; talk with your SHPO early in the process.
- You do not need to hire a professional historian or architect, but clear photos and detailed descriptions make a big difference.
This step-by-step process ensures that every nominated property is thoroughly considered for its historic value while giving homeowners practical ways to participate and advocate for their property’s recognition.
3. Rights and Responsibilities of Homeowners
If your home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, you might wonder what it actually means for you as a homeowner. Let’s break down the facts versus common myths, so you can navigate your property rights, local ordinances, and daily responsibilities with confidence.
Understanding What Listing Really Means
The National Register is primarily an honorary designation that recognizes a propertys historical significance. Contrary to popular belief, being listed does not automatically restrict how you use, modify, or sell your property—unless federal funding or permits are involved in a project affecting your home.
Property Rights: Myths vs. Facts
Myth | Fact |
---|---|
You cant change anything about your historic house. | You can renovate, remodel, or even tear down your house (unless local ordinances say otherwise). |
The government will control how you live in your home. | The federal government does not impose day-to-day controls over private property owners. |
You must open your home to the public. | No public access is required just because your house is on the National Register. |
You need special permission for all repairs or updates. | Routine maintenance and repairs do not require federal approval if no federal funds are used. |
Local Ordinances: What Should You Watch Out For?
While the National Register itself doesn’t add new restrictions, your local city or county might have separate historic preservation rules. These can affect things like exterior changes, demolitions, or additions. Always check with your local planning department before starting any major project.
Quick Comparison: Federal vs. Local Oversight
Aspect | National Register | Local Ordinance |
---|---|---|
Renovation Approval | Not required unless federal funds/permits involved | May be required for exterior/interior work |
Demolition Restrictions | No direct restriction | Possible restrictions in historic districts |
Tax Incentives Available | Yes (if rehab meets certain standards) | Sometimes additional incentives offered locally |
Your Everyday Responsibilities
- You’re responsible for regular upkeep and repairs—just like any homeowner.
- If you want to apply for federal tax credits for rehabilitation, you’ll need to follow specific guidelines (the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation).
- If you receive grants or financial incentives tied to historic status, make sure you understand the terms and conditions.
Key Takeaways for Homeowners
- Your property rights remain largely intact after listing on the National Register.
- The main impact comes if you use federal money or need a federal permit for changes to your property.
- Your biggest regulatory considerations typically come from local historic preservation laws—not the National Register itself.
- Being listed opens doors to potential tax benefits and grant opportunities, but it does not force unwanted changes or obligations on private owners.
4. Benefits and Incentives for Listed Properties
Understanding the Perks of Being Listed
Owning a property listed on the National Register of Historic Places is more than just a point of pride—it can also open the door to valuable financial incentives. The federal government, many state agencies, and some local organizations offer programs designed to help homeowners preserve and maintain historic properties. Heres what you need to know about tax credits, grants, and other incentives available to you as a homeowner.
Federal Tax Credits
The Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentives program is one of the most significant benefits available. While this 20% income tax credit is typically aimed at income-producing properties, such as rental homes or commercial buildings, it’s worth knowing if you’re considering adaptive reuse or converting part of your home for business purposes. For private residences, some states offer their own tax credit programs that apply directly to owner-occupied historic homes.
Type | Description | Typical Requirements |
---|---|---|
Federal Tax Credit (20%) | For certified rehabilitation of income-producing properties | Property must be listed on the National Register; work must meet Secretary of Interior’s Standards |
State Tax Credits | Varies by state; often applies to owner-occupied homes | Check with your State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) for details |
Grants for Homeowners
While direct grant funding for private homeowners is less common at the federal level, some states and localities do offer grants for historic preservation projects. These funds can help cover costs like roof repair, structural stabilization, or restoring original features. To qualify, youll usually need to follow strict guidelines that ensure the work respects your homes historic character.
Grant Program | Who Offers It? | What It Covers |
---|---|---|
State Historic Preservation Grants | State agencies, SHPOs | Repairs, restoration, exterior improvements |
Local Preservation Grants | Cities, counties, nonprofit organizations | Varies—may include landscaping, accessibility upgrades, or technical assistance |
Easements and Property Tax Relief
An additional incentive comes in the form of preservation easements—a voluntary legal agreement that protects your propertys historic features in exchange for potential tax benefits. Some communities also offer property tax relief or freeze programs specifically for historic homeowners who invest in approved rehabilitation work.
Common Local Incentives:
- Property tax abatements or freezes on increased value due to approved renovations
- Zoning flexibility (allowing certain uses not otherwise permitted)
- Technical support from local preservation offices or nonprofits
Practical Tips for Leveraging Incentives
- Start with Your SHPO: Your State Historic Preservation Office is your best resource for information about eligibility and application processes.
- Document Everything: Keep detailed records and photographs before, during, and after any work on your property.
- Work with Qualified Professionals: Use architects or contractors familiar with historic preservation standards to ensure compliance.
- Meet Deadlines: Grant and tax credit applications often have strict timelines—plan ahead!
- Ask About Stacking Benefits: In some cases, you can combine federal, state, and local incentives for greater savings.
The right combination of tax credits, grants, and local incentives can make preserving your historic home both rewarding and financially manageable. By understanding these programs and planning your projects accordingly, you can protect your property’s legacy while making smart investments in its future.
5. Maintenance, Renovations, and Compliance
Understanding the Rules: Why Compliance Matters
If your property is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, regular upkeep and any renovations must be done carefully. Federal, state, and local rules aim to protect the historical character of your home. Non-compliance can lead to loss of tax benefits or even penalties.
Technical Guidance for Preserving Historical Integrity
The key goal during maintenance or renovation is to retain the propertys historic features while keeping it safe and functional. Below are some guidelines:
- Preserve Original Materials: Repair rather than replace original woodwork, windows, doors, masonry, and other architectural details whenever possible.
- Use Compatible Materials: If replacement is necessary, use materials that match the historic appearance in texture, design, and color.
- Avoid Irreversible Changes: Any alterations should be reversible so future owners can restore the property if needed.
- Document All Work: Keep records of changes with photos and written descriptions for future reference or review by authorities.
Compliance With Federal, State, and Local Standards
The following table summarizes which standards may apply depending on your project and location:
Type of Standard | Scope | Who Enforces? | When Applies? |
---|---|---|---|
Federal (e.g., Secretary of the Interior’s Standards) | Historic features & integrity (for tax credits or federal grants) | National Park Service (NPS) | If federal money or permits involved |
State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) | State-level historic requirements | Your state’s SHPO | If state funds/grants used; sometimes all listed properties |
Local Historic Commissions/Ordinances | Design guidelines & approval for exterior changes | City/county preservation office or board | If within a local historic district or under local protection laws |
Steps to Stay Compliant During Projects
- Review Guidelines: Check federal, state, and local standards before starting any work.
- Consult Experts: Talk to your SHPO or a preservation architect for advice on materials and methods.
- Get Approvals: Submit plans to local commissions when required—especially for exterior work.
- Hire Qualified Contractors: Choose professionals with experience in historic buildings.
- Maintain Regularly: Routine inspections and prompt repairs prevent bigger problems down the line and help maintain compliance.
Helpful Resources
- Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation (NPS)
- Your State Historic Preservation Office (find via National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers Directory)
- Your city/county planning department for local guidelines
By following these steps and resources, you can keep your home’s historic charm intact while staying on the right side of regulations.
6. Community and Support Resources
Owning a home listed on the National Register of Historic Places can feel overwhelming, but you’re not alone. Across the United States, there are many community and support resources that can help homeowners preserve, restore, and manage their historic properties. Here’s how you can tap into valuable networks and expertise.
Local Preservation Offices
Nearly every state and many cities have preservation offices dedicated to assisting property owners. These offices serve as a first stop for advice on restoration guidelines, permit processes, available grants, and navigating local regulations. Staff members understand both the technical details and legal requirements for historic homes in your area.
How Local Offices Can Help
Service | Description |
---|---|
Technical Assistance | Guidance on materials, repairs, and appropriate restoration methods |
Regulatory Support | Help interpreting and complying with local preservation ordinances |
Grant Information | Resources about state or federal funding opportunities for historic properties |
Workshops & Events | Training sessions on best practices in preservation and maintenance |
Nonprofit Organizations
Many national and regional nonprofit organizations provide additional support for homeowners. Groups like the National Trust for Historic Preservation or local historical societies offer advocacy, funding programs, educational resources, and even hands-on workshops. Membership often comes with access to exclusive newsletters, discounts, or expert contacts.
Key Nonprofits to Know
Name | Focus Area | Website |
---|---|---|
National Trust for Historic Preservation | Advocacy & Grants Nationwide | savingplaces.org |
Your State Historical Society | Statewide Education & Grants | (Search your state + “historical society”) |
Main Street America | Main Street Revitalization Programs | mainstreet.org |
Local Preservation Alliances/Leagues | Community-Specific Support & Advocacy | (Check your city or county’s website) |
Expert Contacts and Professional Services
If you need specialized advice, many professionals focus specifically on historic buildings. From preservation architects to contractors experienced with traditional materials, these experts are essential when tackling complex projects or ensuring compliance with historic standards. Many local offices and nonprofits keep lists of vetted professionals ready to help.
Typical Experts You Might Need:
- Preservation Architects: Design plans that respect your home’s history while meeting modern needs.
- Cultural Resource Consultants: Assist with research and documentation for grant applications or tax credits.
- Historic Contractors: Skilled tradespeople familiar with period-appropriate techniques and materials.
Tapping into these community resources will help you maintain the character of your property while making smart decisions for its future. Don’t hesitate to reach out—these organizations exist to make historic homeownership easier!